Multiple Myeloma is a complex and often misunderstood blood cancer that affects plasma cells, a crucial component of the immune system. While many people remain unaware of its dangers, the impact of this disease is rising in Bangladesh, particularly in cities such as Dhaka and Chittagong, where healthcare access varies significantly.
What is Multiple Myeloma?
Multiple Myeloma is a type of blood cancer that originates in plasma cells, leading to an overproduction of abnormal proteins that can damage bones, kidneys, and the immune system. Unlike other cancers, it does not form a solid tumour but instead spreads through the bone marrow, making detection challenging in its early stages. This condition accounts for 10% of all blood cancers worldwide, but its exact prevalence in Bangladesh remains underreported. Many cases are diagnosed only when complications arise, making early detection critical for better outcomes.
Signs and Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore
The early signs of Multiple Myeloma can be subtle and easily mistaken for common ailments. Be aware of:
- Persistent bone pain, especially in the back and ribs
- Frequent infections due to a weakened immune system
- Fatigue and weakness caused by anaemia
- Kidney dysfunction leading to swelling and frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Increased thirst or confusion due to high calcium levels
- Numbness or tingling, especially in the legs
Since these symptoms can mimic other conditions, many cases in Bangladesh go undiagnosed until significant damage has occurred.
How common is Multiple Myeloma in Bangladesh? While global statistics indicate that Multiple Myeloma represents about 1% of all cancers, its presence in Bangladesh remains largely undocumented due to challenges in healthcare accessibility. However, recent reports suggest an increase in diagnoses in cities like Sylhet and Rajshahi, where specialist cancer treatment centers have started recognizing and treating the disease.
A study from the Bangladesh Cancer Society estimates that around 3,000 new cases of Multiple Myeloma occur annually, but the real number may be higher due to underreporting and lack of awareness. Rural areas often lack diagnostic facilities, making timely detection a significant challenge.
Causes and Risk Factors Though the exact cause remains unknown, several factors increase the risk:
- Age: Most cases occur in individuals over 60, but younger cases are not unheard of.
- Genetics: A family history of Multiple Myeloma raises your risk.
- Environmental exposure: Contact with toxic chemicals or radiation is linked to higher occurrences.
- Obesity and lifestyle: Poor diet and lack of exercise contribute to cancer risks.
- Pre-existing conditions: Those with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) are more likely to develop Multiple Myeloma.
Exposure to pesticides and industrial chemicals—common in Bangladesh’s agricultural and manufacturing sectors—has also been linked to increased cancer risk, though research in this area is still developing.
Diagnosis: Why Early Detection is Vital Doctors rely on multiple tests to confirm Multiple Myeloma, including:
- Blood tests to check abnormal protein levels
- Urine analysis to detect Bence-Jones proteins
- Bone marrow biopsy to assess plasma cell activity
- Imaging tests (X-rays, MRI, PET scans) to identify bone damage
Unfortunately, many healthcare facilities outside Dhaka lack the advanced equipment necessary for early screening, meaning patients often seek treatment only after experiencing severe symptoms.
Treatment Options: A Glimpse of Hope While there is no definitive cure, treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Common treatments include:
- Chemotherapy and targeted therapy to destroy abnormal cells
- Immunotherapy to strengthen the immune system’s response
- Stem cell transplant for eligible patients
- Radiation therapy to reduce bone pain
How Can You Reduce Your Risk? While prevention is not always possible, you can take proactive steps:
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in antioxidants
- Exercise regularly to boost immunity
- Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals and industrial toxins
- Get regular health check-ups, especially if you have a family history
- Stay informed about available screening options and access to medical care
Raising Awareness and Improving Access to Care Efforts to raise awareness about Multiple Myeloma are increasing, but more needs to be done. Health campaigns in Khulna and Barisal have started promoting early screening, yet the reach remains limited. The expansion of affordable diagnostic facilities and cancer support programs is crucial to tackling this silent killer effectively.
Final Thoughts
Multiple Myeloma may not be as well-known as other cancers, but its impact on health can be devastating. Increased awareness, early diagnosis, and better healthcare access are essential to improving patient outcomes in Bangladesh. Whether you reside in Dhaka, Chittagong, or beyond, staying informed and vigilant is the first step in the fight against multiple myeloma.
